Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Sprain
Knee Stability and Movement Coordination Impairments
If a patient presents to clinic with a history of an audible “snap” or “pop” that potentially occurred during a sporting event; followed by complaint of knee instability and difficulty with weight bearing they may have sprained or torn their ACL!
For more clinical findings click here!
Anatomy
Image via Complete Anatomy by 3D4 Medical
Special Test
· As we all know, one test is not enough to completely rule in or rule out potential pathology; however, the specificity of the Lachman test (94) makes it an excellent test to help rule in ACL pathology! (Click image to watch 1-2 minute video)
Treatment
Treatment of ACL injuries depends on whether or not the patient undergoes surgical intervention along with their prior level of activity and prospective level of activity post injury. Quadriceps strengthening tends to be necessary in both cases; in fact quadriceps strength is the highest predictor of returning to full activities of daily living in those who underwent ACL repair! (Click image to watch 1-2 minute video)
Therapeutic Exercise
Once full range of motion has been achieved and adequate lower extremity strength and motor control have been established via protocol progression, the next step for patients who plan to return to more vigorous activity would be implementation of plyometric/reactive training. Single limb hop testing can also double as therapeutic exercise! (Click image to watch 1-2 minute video)